Grimms' Fairy Tales
Children's and Household Tales
or
Grimms' Fairy Tales |
Frontispiece of first volume of Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812) |
Author(s) |
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm |
Country |
Germany |
Language |
German |
Genre(s) |
|
Publisher |
Various |
Publication date |
1812 |
ISBN |
n/a |
Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen) is a collection of German origin fairy tales first published in 1812 by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the Brothers Grimm. The collection is commonly known today as Grimms' Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Märchen).
Composition
On December 20, 1812, they published the first volume of the first edition, containing 86 stories; the second volume of 70 stories followed in 1814. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totalling 170 tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also subtracted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. All editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by Robert Leinweber.
The first volumes were much criticized because, although they were called "Children's Tales", they were not regarded as suitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter.[1] Many changes through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in Snow White and Hansel and Gretel to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such suitability. They removed sexual references—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus naïvely revealing her pregnancy and the prince's visits to her stepmother—but, in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased.[2]
In 1825 the Brothers published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition," a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.
Influence of the books
The influence of these books was widespread. W. H. Auden praised the collection, during World War II, as one of the founding works of Western culture.[3] The tales themselves have been put to many uses. The Nazis praised them as folkish tales showing children with sound racial instincts seeking racially pure marriage partners, and so strongly that the Allied forces warned against them;[4] for instance, Cinderella with the heroine as racially pure, the stepmother as an alien, and the prince with an unspoiled instinct being able to distinguish.[5] Writers who have written about the Holocaust have combined the tales with their memoirs, as Jane Yolen in her Briar Rose.[6]
The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales.[7] There was not always a pleased reaction to their collection. Joseph Jacobs was in part inspired by his complaint that English children did not read English fairy tales;[8] in his own words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed".
Three individual works of Wilhelm Grimm include Altdänische Heldenlieder, Balladen und Märchen ('Old Danish Heroic Lays, Ballads, and Folktales') in 1811, Über deutsche Runen ('On German Runes') in 1821, and Die deutsche Heldensage ('The German Heroic Legend') in 1829.
List of fairy tales
The code "KHM" stands for Kinder- und Hausmärchen, the original title. All editions from 1812 until 1857 split the stories into two volumes.
Volume 1
- KHM 1: The Frog King, or Iron Heinrich (Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich)
- KHM 2: Cat and Mouse in Partnership (Katze und Maus in Gesellschaft)
- KHM 3: Mary's Child (Marienkind)
- KHM 4: The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was (Märchen von einem, der auszog das Fürchten zu lernen)
- KHM 5: The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids (Der Wolf und die sieben jungen Geißlein)
- KHM 6: Trusty John or Faithful John (Der treue Johannes)
- KHM 7: The Good Bargain (Der gute Handel)
- KHM 8: The Wonderful Musician or The Strange Musician (Der wunderliche Spielmann)
- KHM 9: The Twelve Brothers (Die zwölf Brüder)
- KHM 10: The Pack of Ragamuffins (Das Lumpengesindel)
- KHM 11: Brother and Sister (Brüderchen und Schwesterchen)
- KHM 12: Rapunzel
- KHM 13: The Three Little Men in the Wood (Die drei Männlein im Walde)
- KHM 14: The Three Spinners (Die drei Spinnerinnen)
- KHM 15: Hansel and Gretel (Hänsel und Gretel)
- KHM 16: The Three Snake-Leaves (Die drei Schlangenblätter)
- KHM 17: The White Snake (Die weiße Schlange)
- KHM 18: The Straw, the Coal, and the Bean (Strohhalm, Kohle und Bohne)
- KHM 19: The Fisherman and His Wife (Von dem Fischer und seiner Frau)
- KHM 20: The Valiant Little Tailor (Das tapfere Schneiderlein)
- KHM 21: Cinderella (Aschenputtel)
- KHM 22: The Riddle (Das Rätsel)
- KHM 23: The Mouse, the Bird, and the Sausage (Von dem Mäuschen, Vögelchen und der Bratwurst)
- KHM 24: Mother Hulda (Frau Holle)
- KHM 25: The Seven Ravens (Die sieben Raben)
- KHM 26: Little Red Cap (Rotkäppchen)
- KHM 27: Town Musicians of Bremen (Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten)
- KHM 28: The Singing Bone (Der singende Knochen)
- KHM 29: The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs (Der Teufel mit den drei goldenen Haaren)
- KHM 30: The Louse and the Flea (Läuschen und Flöhchen)
- KHM 31: The Girl Without Hands (Das Mädchen ohne Hände)
- KHM 32: Clever Hans (Der gescheite Hans)
- KHM 33: The Three Languages (Die drei Sprachen)
- KHM 34: Clever Elsie (Die kluge Else)
- KHM 35: The Tailor in Heaven (Der Schneider im Himmel)
- KHM 36: The Wishing-Table, the Gold-Ass, and the Cudgel in the Sack ("Tischchen deck dich, Goldesel und Knüppel aus dem Sack" also known as "Tischlein, deck dich!")
- KHM 37: Thumbling (Daumling) (see also Tom Thumb)
- KHM 38: The Wedding of Mrs. Fox (Die Hochzeit der Frau Füchsin)
- KHM 39: The Elves (Die Wichtelmänner)
- KHM 40: The Robber Bridegroom (Der Räuberbräutigam)
- KHM 41: Herr Korbes
- KHM 42: The Godfather (Der Herr Gevatter)
- KHM 43: Frau Trude
- KHM 44: Godfather Death (Der Gevatter Tod)
- KHM 45: Thumbling's Travels (see also Tom Thumb) (Daumerlings Wanderschaft)
- KHM 46: Fitcher's Bird (Fitchers Vogel)
- KHM 47: The Juniper Tree (Von dem Machandelboom)
- KHM 48: Old Sultan (Der alte Sultan)
- KHM 49: The Six Swans (Die sechs Schwäne)
Volume 2
The children's legends (Kinder-legende) first appeared in the G. Reimer 1819 edition at the end of volume 2).
- KHM 201: Saint Joseph in the Forest (Der heilige Joseph im Walde)
- KHM 202: The Twelve Apostles (Die zwölf Apostel)
- KHM 203: The Rose (Die Rose)
- KHM 204: Poverty and Humility Lead to Heaven (Armut und Demut führen zum Himmel)
- KHM 205: God's Food (Gottes Speise)
- KHM 206: The Three Green Twigs (Die drei grünen Zweige)
- KHM 207: The Blessed Virgin's Little Glass (Muttergottesgläschen) or Our Lady's Little Glass
- KHM 208: The Little Old Lady (Das alte Mütterchen) or The Aged Mother
- KHM 209: The Heavenly Marriage (Die himmlische Hochzeit) or The Heavenly Wedding
- KHM 210: The Hazel Branch (Die Haselrute)
No longer included in last edition
- Das Birnli will nit fallen
- Blaubart (Bluebeard)
- Die drei Schwestern (The Three Sisters)
- Die Prinzessin auf der Erbse (Princess and the Pea)
- Der Faule und der Fleißige (The sluggard and the diligent)
- Der gestiefelte Kater (Puss in Boots)
- Der gute Lappen (Fragment) (The good rag)
- Die Hand mit dem Messer (The hand with the knife)
- Hans Dumm
- Die heilige Frau Kummernis (The holy woman Kummernis)
- Hurleburlebutz
- Die Krähen (The Crows)
- Der Löwe und der Frosch (The Lion and the Frog)
- Das Mörderschloss (The Murder Castle)
- Der Okerlo (The Okerlo)
- Prinzessin Mäusehaut (Princess Mouse Skin)
- Der Räuber und seine Söhne (The Robber and His Sons)
- Schneeblume (Snow Flowers)
- Der Soldat und der Schreiner (The Soldier and the Carpenter)
- Der Tod und der Gänsehirt (Death and the Goose herder)
- Die treuen Tiere (The faithful animals)
- Das Unglück (The Accident)
- Vom Prinz Johannes (Fragment) (By Prince Johannes)
- Vom Schreiner und Drechsler (From the Maker and Turner)
- Von der Nachtigall und die Blindschleiche (The nightingale and the slow worm)
- Von der Serviette, dem Tornister, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn (Of the napkin, the knapsack, the Cannon guarding flax, and the Horn)
- Wie Kinder miteinander Schlachten gespielt haben (How children played slaughter with each other)
- Der wilde Mann (The Wild Man)
- Die wunderliche Gasterei (The wonderful Inn)
See also
References
- ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p15-17, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
- ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xlii-iv, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
- ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xxx, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
- ^ A. S. Byatt, "-xxxix, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
- ^ Lynn H. Nicholas, Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web p 77-8 ISBN 0-679-77663-X
- ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xlvi, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
- ^ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p 846, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
- ^ Maria Tatar, p 345-5, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3
- Grimm Brothers. The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales. New York: Pantheon Books, 1944. ISBN 0-394-49414-6. (in English, based on Margarate Hunt's translation)
External links
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Notable tales |
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